Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/python/cpython into unraisable-color

Author: ZeroIntensity

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 .github/**                    @ezio-melotti @hugovk @AA-Turner
 
 # pre-commit
-.pre-commit-config.yaml       @hugovk @AlexWaygood
+.pre-commit-config.yaml       @hugovk
 .ruff.toml                    @hugovk @AlexWaygood @AA-Turner
 
 # Build system

Doc/c-api/long.rst

@@ -372,6 +372,10 @@ distinguished from a number.  Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
    Set *\*value* to a signed C :c:expr:`int32_t` or :c:expr:`int64_t`
    representation of *obj*.
 
+   If *obj* is not an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its
+   :meth:`~object.__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a
+   :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
+
    If the *obj* value is out of range, raise an :exc:`OverflowError`.
 
    Set *\*value* and return ``0`` on success.

Doc/library/ctypes.rst

@@ -700,14 +700,10 @@ compiler does it.  It is possible to override this behavior entirely by specifyi
 :attr:`~Structure._layout_` class attribute in the subclass definition; see
 the attribute documentation for details.
 
-It is possible to specify the maximum alignment for the fields by setting
-the :attr:`~Structure._pack_` class attribute to a positive integer.
-This matches what ``#pragma pack(n)`` does in MSVC.
-
-It is also possible to set a minimum alignment for how the subclass itself is packed in the
-same way ``#pragma align(n)`` works in MSVC.
-This can be achieved by specifying a :attr:`~Structure._align_` class attribute
-in the subclass definition.
+It is possible to specify the maximum alignment for the fields and/or for the
+structure itself by setting the class attributes :attr:`~Structure._pack_`
+and/or :attr:`~Structure._align_`, respectively.
+See the attribute documentation for details.
 
 :mod:`ctypes` uses the native byte order for Structures and Unions.  To build
 structures with non-native byte order, you can use one of the
@@ -2792,11 +2788,18 @@ fields, or any other data types containing pointer type fields.
    .. attribute:: _pack_
 
       An optional small integer that allows overriding the alignment of
-      structure fields in the instance.  :attr:`_pack_` must already be defined
-      when :attr:`_fields_` is assigned, otherwise it will have no effect.
-      Setting this attribute to 0 is the same as not setting it at all.
+      structure fields in the instance.
+
+      This is only implemented for the MSVC-compatible memory layout
+      (see :attr:`_layout_`).
 
-      This is only implemented for the MSVC-compatible memory layout.
+      Setting :attr:`!_pack_` to 0 is the same as not setting it at all.
+      Otherwise, the value must be a positive power of two.
+      The effect is equivalent to ``#pragma pack(N)`` in C, except
+      :mod:`ctypes` may allow larger *n* than what the compiler accepts.
+
+      :attr:`!_pack_` must already be defined
+      when :attr:`_fields_` is assigned, otherwise it will have no effect.
 
       .. deprecated-removed:: 3.14 3.19
 
@@ -2809,9 +2812,22 @@ fields, or any other data types containing pointer type fields.
 
    .. attribute:: _align_
 
-      An optional small integer that allows overriding the alignment of
+      An optional small integer that allows increasing the alignment of
       the structure when being packed or unpacked to/from memory.
-      Setting this attribute to 0 is the same as not setting it at all.
+
+      The value must not be negative.
+      The effect is equivalent to ``__attribute__((aligned(N)))`` on GCC
+      or ``#pragma align(N)`` on MSVC, except :mod:`ctypes` may allow
+      values that the compiler would reject.
+
+      :attr:`!_align_` can only *increase* a structure's alignment
+      requirements. Setting it to 0 or 1 has no effect.
+
+      Using values that are not powers of two is discouraged and may lead to
+      surprising behavior.
+
+      :attr:`!_align_` must already be defined
+      when :attr:`_fields_` is assigned, otherwise it will have no effect.
 
       .. versionadded:: 3.13
 

Doc/library/fractions.rst

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 The :mod:`fractions` module provides support for rational number arithmetic.
 
 
-A Fraction instance can be constructed from a pair of integers, from
-another rational number, or from a string.
+A Fraction instance can be constructed from a pair of rational numbers, from
+a single number, or from a string.
 
 .. index:: single: as_integer_ratio()
 
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ another rational number, or from a string.
 
    The first version requires that *numerator* and *denominator* are instances
    of :class:`numbers.Rational` and returns a new :class:`Fraction` instance
-   with value equal to ``numerator/denominator`` where the denominator is positive.
-   If *denominator* is ``0``, it raises a :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`.
+   with a value equal to ``numerator/denominator``.
+   If *denominator* is zero, it raises a :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`.
 
    The second version requires that *number* is an instance of
    :class:`numbers.Rational` or has the :meth:`!as_integer_ratio` method
@@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ another rational number, or from a string.
 
    .. attribute:: denominator
 
-      Denominator of the Fraction in lowest term.
+      Denominator of the Fraction in lowest terms.
+      Guaranteed to be positive.
 
 
    .. method:: as_integer_ratio()

Doc/library/numbers.rst

@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ The numeric tower
 
    .. attribute:: numerator
 
-      Abstract.
+      Abstract.  The numerator of this rational number.
 
    .. attribute:: denominator
 
-      Abstract.
+      Abstract.  The denominator of this rational number.
 
 
 .. class:: Integral

Doc/requirements.txt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ sphinx~=8.2.0
 
 blurb
 
-sphinxext-opengraph~=0.10.0
+sphinxext-opengraph~=0.11.0
 sphinx-notfound-page~=1.0.0
 
 # The theme used by the documentation is stored separately, so we need

Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 __all__ = ["version", "bootstrap"]
-_PIP_VERSION = "25.1.1"
+_PIP_VERSION = "25.2"
 
 # Directory of system wheel packages. Some Linux distribution packaging
 # policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora

…pip/_bundled/pip-25.1.1-py3-none-any.whl …repip/_bundled/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whlLib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-25.1.1-py3-none-any.whl renamed to Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-25.1.1-py3-none-any.whl renamed to Lib/ensurepip/_bundled/pip-25.2-py3-none-any.whl

@@ -290,18 +290,27 @@ def conjugate(self):
 
 
 class Rational(Real):
-    """.numerator and .denominator should be in lowest terms."""
+    """To Real, Rational adds numerator and denominator properties.
+
+    The numerator and denominator values should be in lowest terms,
+    with a positive denominator.
+    """
 
     __slots__ = ()
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
     def numerator(self):
+        """The numerator of a rational number in lowest terms."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
     def denominator(self):
+        """The denominator of a rational number in lowest terms.
+
+        This denominator should be positive.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     # Concrete implementation of Real's conversion to float.

Lib/numbers.py

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, mode, comptype, fileobj, bufsize,
             fileobj = _StreamProxy(fileobj)
             comptype = fileobj.getcomptype()
 
-        self.name     = name or ""
+        self.name     = os.fspath(name) if name is not None else ""
         self.mode     = mode
         self.comptype = comptype
         self.fileobj  = fileobj