feat(data): replace pre-seeded db with EF Core migrations and HasData() (#459)

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/
 ├── Extensions/         — IServiceCollection extension methods (service registration)
 ├── Configurations/     — Options classes bound from appsettings.json
 ├── Middlewares/        — Custom ASP.NET Core middleware
-├── Data/               — DbContext + DbInitializer (seed data)
-└── Storage/            — SQLite database file (players.db)
+├── Data/               — DbContext; seed data via HasData() in OnModelCreating
+└── Storage/            — SQLite database file (created at runtime by MigrateAsync)
 
 test/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Tests/
 ├── Unit/               — Unit tests (controllers, services, validators)
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ This project uses Spec-Driven Development (SDD): discuss in Plan mode first, cre
 
 **Add an endpoint**: Add DTO in `Models/` → update `PlayerMappingProfile` in `Mappings/` → add repository method(s) in `Repositories/` → add service method in `Services/` → add controller action in `Controllers/` → add/update validator rule set in `Validators/` → add tests in `test/.../Unit/` → run pre-commit checks.
 
-**Modify schema**: Update `Player` entity → update DTOs → update AutoMapper profile → reset `Storage/players.db` → update tests → run `dotnet test`.
+**Modify schema**: Update `Player` entity → update DTOs → update AutoMapper profile → update `HasData()` seed data in `OnModelCreating` if needed → run `dotnet ef migrations add <Name>` → update tests → run `dotnet test`.
 
 ## Architecture Decision Records (ADRs)
 

.gitignore

@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ logs/
 bin/
 obj/
 TestResults/
+storage/*.db
 .claude/settings.local.json

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ This project uses famous football stadiums (A-Z) that hosted FIFA World Cup matc
 
 ### Changed
 
+- Replace pre-seeded `storage/players-sqlite3.db` binary blob with EF Core `MigrateAsync()` at startup: schema and seed data are now applied automatically before the first request is served; `STORAGE_PATH` env var controls the database file path (Docker volume path in production, `AppContext.BaseDirectory/storage/` locally); the committed database file, `Dockerfile` db copy step, and `scripts/run-migrations-and-copy-database.sh` have been removed (#459)
+- Recreate EF Core migrations using `HasData()` in `OnModelCreating`: three self-contained migrations (`InitialCreate` DDL, `SeedStarting11` DML, `SeedSubstitutes` DML) generated by EF Core with literal `InsertData` values — no migration calls application methods; `NormalizePlayerDataset` patch migration eliminated by folding corrections into seed data from the start (#459)
+- Replace `DatabaseFakes.CreateTable()` (placeholder schema) and `DatabaseFakes.Seed()` (manual insert bypassing migrations) with `DatabaseFakes.MigrateAsync()`, which applies the full EF Core migration chain on in-memory SQLite (#459)
 - Switch runtime base image from `mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:10.0` (Debian)
   to `mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:10.0-alpine` (before: 113.4 MB →
   after: 73.9 MB compressed; measured via `docker manifest inspect` and

Dockerfile

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ WORKDIR /src
 COPY src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/*.csproj  ./Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/
 RUN dotnet restore ./Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi
 
-# Copy source code and pre-seeded SQLite database
 COPY src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/          ./Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/
 
 WORKDIR /src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi
@@ -53,10 +52,6 @@ COPY --chmod=444        README.md                   ./
 # Copy entrypoint and healthcheck scripts
 COPY --chmod=555        scripts/entrypoint.sh       ./entrypoint.sh
 COPY --chmod=555        scripts/healthcheck.sh      ./healthcheck.sh
-# The 'hold' is our storage compartment within the image. Here, we copy a
-# pre-seeded SQLite database file, which Compose will mount as a persistent
-# 'storage' volume when the container starts up.
-COPY --from=builder /src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/storage/players-sqlite3.db ./hold/players-sqlite3.db
 
 # Add non-root user and make volume mount point writable
 RUN addgroup -S aspnetcore && \

README.md

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ Before you begin, ensure you have the following installed:
 
 - .NET 10 SDK (LTS) or higher
 - Docker Desktop (optional, for containerized deployment)
-- dotnet-ef CLI tool (for database migrations)
+- dotnet-ef CLI tool (optional, for creating new migrations)
 
   ```bash
   dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ docker compose build
 docker compose up
 ```
 
-> 💡 On first run, the container copies a pre-seeded SQLite database into a persistent volume. On subsequent runs, that volume is reused and the data is preserved.
+> 💡 On first run, the app applies EF Core migrations and seeds the database automatically into a persistent volume. On subsequent runs, that volume is reused and the data is preserved.
 
 ### Stop the application
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ docker compose down
 
 ### Reset the database
 
-To remove the volume and reinitialize the database from the built-in seed file:
+To remove the volume and let the app re-create and re-seed the database on next startup:
 
 ```bash
 docker compose down -v
@@ -306,8 +306,7 @@ dotnet test --results-directory "coverage" --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage" --set
 | `dotnet test --collect:"XPlat Code Coverage"` | Run tests with coverage report |
 | `dotnet csharpier .` | Format source code |
 | `dotnet ef migrations add <Name>` | Create a new migration |
-| `dotnet ef database update` | Apply migrations |
-| `./scripts/run-migrations-and-copy-database.sh` | Regenerate database with seed data |
+| `dotnet ef database update` | Apply migrations manually |
 | `docker compose build` | Build Docker image |
 | `docker compose up` | Start Docker container |
 | `docker compose down` | Stop Docker container |

adr/0003-use-sqlite-for-data-storage.md

@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ The cross-language comparison set (Go/Gin, Java/Spring Boot, Python/FastAPI, Rus
 
 ## Decision
 
-We will use SQLite as the database engine, accessed through Entity Framework Core. The database file is stored at `storage/players-sqlite3.db` and is pre-seeded with sample data. Docker deployments mount the file into a named volume so data survives container restarts.
+We will use SQLite as the database engine, accessed through Entity Framework Core. The database file is created at `storage/players-sqlite3.db` at runtime: EF Core applies pending migrations (schema + seed data via `HasData()`) automatically at startup via `MigrateAsync()` before the first request is served. Docker deployments mount the file into a named volume so data survives container restarts.
 
 ## Consequences
 
 ### Positive
 - Zero-config: no server process, no connection string credentials, no Docker service dependency for local development.
-- The database file can be committed to the repository as seed data, making onboarding instant.
 - EF Core abstracts the SQL dialect, so migrating to another database requires changing only the provider registration.
+- `MigrateAsync()` at startup ensures the schema is always up to date, making onboarding instant without committing binary database files.
 
 ### Negative
 - SQLite does not support concurrent writes, making it unsuitable for multi-instance deployments or high-throughput scenarios.

scripts/entrypoint.sh

@@ -8,23 +8,15 @@ log() {
     return 0
 }
 
-IMAGE_STORAGE_PATH="/app/hold/players-sqlite3.db"
-VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH="/storage/players-sqlite3.db"
-
 log "✔ Starting container..."
 
+VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH="${STORAGE_PATH:-/storage/players-sqlite3.db}"
+
 if [ ! -f "$VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH" ]; then
     log "⚠️ No existing database file found in volume."
-    if [ -f "$IMAGE_STORAGE_PATH" ]; then
-        log "🔄 Copying database file to writable volume..."
-        cp "$IMAGE_STORAGE_PATH" "$VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH"
-        log "✔ Database initialized at $VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH"
-    else
-        log "⚠️ Database file missing at $IMAGE_STORAGE_PATH"
-        exit 1
-    fi
+    log "🗄️ EF Core migrations will initialize the database on first start."
 else
-    log "✔ Existing database file found. Skipping seed copy."
+    log "✔ Existing database file found at $VOLUME_STORAGE_PATH."
 fi
 
 log "✔ Ready!"

src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/Data/PlayerDbContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Models;
+using Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Utilities;
 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
 
 namespace Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.Data;
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
             entity.HasKey(player => player.Id);
             entity.Property(player => player.Id).ValueGeneratedOnAdd();
             entity.HasIndex(player => player.SquadNumber).IsUnique();
+            entity.HasData(PlayerData.MakeStarting11WithId());
+            entity.HasData(PlayerData.GetSubstitutesWithId());
         });
     }
 }

src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi.csproj

@@ -25,13 +25,6 @@
     <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="10.1.7" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Content Include="storage/players-sqlite3.db">
-      <CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
-      <PackageCopyToOutput>true</PackageCopyToOutput>
-    </Content>
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <PropertyGroup>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <NoWarn>$(NoWarn);1591</NoWarn>

src/Dotnet.Samples.AspNetCore.WebApi/Extensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs

@@ -31,11 +31,15 @@ IWebHostEnvironment environment
     {
         services.AddDbContextPool<PlayerDbContext>(options =>
         {
-            var dataSource = Path.Combine(
-                AppContext.BaseDirectory,
-                "storage",
-                "players-sqlite3.db"
-            );
+            var dataSource =
+                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("STORAGE_PATH")
+                ?? Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "storage", "players-sqlite3.db");
+
+            var storageDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(dataSource);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(storageDir))
+            {
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(storageDir);
+            }
             options.UseSqlite($"Data Source={dataSource}");
 
             if (environment.IsDevelopment())